Energy conservation plays a key role in preventing environmental disaster. The problem of proper use of energy is one of the most urgent problems of humanity. The modern economy is based on the use of exhausted and non-renewable energy resources.
Each family has a certain impact on the environment. It's like he's on a single life support system. Through the channels of this system - electricity and heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines, trade, household, utility, supply organizations and enterprises, we receive everything necessary for the normal maintenance of the house. My family is no exception. If each person takes care of the use of natural resources, saves energy, water and reduces the use of single-use packaging materials, it will help prevent a global environmental disaster.
Taking my family as an example, I decided to do some research on saving energy consumption at home. My project helped me to consciously move towards saving resources at home, save money on consumed resources, improve my life and get more comfort.
The problem of energy saving is relevant not only for my family, school, region, country, but for the whole world. Saving energy allows you to reduce your costs and have less impact on the environment. It helps to form a culture of energy saving - it is, first of all, the teaching of practical activities, especially the rational consumption of electricity, the use of new technologies and the use of energy-saving household appliances and light bulbs.
the purpose of the project: Learn how to use electricity in everyday life with maximum benefits and minimum costs.
Objectives of the project:
- Talk about the use of electricity in everyday life, why you should save it and what methods can be used for this.
- In the research part of the project, fill out the energy passport of the apartment, measure and analyze energy consumption.
- Identify measures to reduce energy costs.
- The topic of the study is energy saving in everyday life.
Research Hypothesis: I can assume that my family can do its possible contribution to save energy and therefore save the planet Earth.
main part
Energy saving at home
What do we mean by energy saving? Energy saving is a complex of measures for saving and efficient use of electric and thermal energy. Due to the lack of basic energy resources, the increase in the cost of their production, as well as global environmental problems, energy conservation has become one of the priority tasks of humanity.
Every year, fuel and energy production cost more and more to man, people are beginning to understand more and more that senseless waste of energy and especially electricity or incompetent use of energy devices is not only immoral, but also more. it hits the pocketbook and the further it goes, the more violent it becomes.
Therefore, the main principle of a modern house is energy saving. Unfortunately, we rarely think about how and how much energy we use to solve specific problems. We often use too much energy where we could save.
From January 1, 2011, in accordance with this law, the circulation of incandescent lamps with a power of more than 100 W was completely prohibited. Since 2014, the circulation of lamps with a power of more than 25 W has been completely banned.
Why save energy?
To reduce your harmful impact on the environment, you need to conserve energy. Unfortunately, no one can save energy just by pressing a button or switch. Of course, you can completely turn off the electricity, but how long can a person live in an apartment without electricity? It hardly suits anyone. Therefore, the question of how to save energy at home worries everyone, including me. But energy costs are also rising for another reason - people have more electrical appliances in their apartments and homes. Accordingly, the load increases in transformer substations, which must be repaired more often or more powerful ones must be installed. Energy saving is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly "source" of energy. This is an energy saving approach based on the use of energy saving technologies designed to reduce energy losses.
Ways to save energy
If each family learns and systematically implements a number of useful rules, it is fully capable of reducing household electricity consumption by almost half without significant damage to human comfort. The most effective method is to replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving fluorescent or LED lamps.
Equipment in standby mode and not used for a long time (computer, TV, charger, microwave oven, etc. ) should be turned off. It is recommended to use the washing machine with maximum load.
It is necessary to turn off the lamp or chandelier when leaving the room for a long time. Boil only the required amount of water in an electric kettle and regularly descale it.
Clean the dust container of your vacuum cleaner more often. Turn on the air conditioner with the windows and doors firmly closed.
If it is for a long time or if you are leaving, turn off all electrical appliances except the refrigerator.
Desks and computers should be positioned to make the most of natural light.
I think that if you follow the energy saving rules developed for a certain period of time, then the invented ways of saving will become a habit for the family. That's why there's an energy-saving sticker on the fridge, and every switch has a warning sign that my sister and I painted for our house.
Research part
The number of electrical devices in our home is constantly increasing, and our electricity bills are also increasing. This is not surprising, because I have 6 other people living in the house. A very relevant question for us: how to save energy in our home? And I started my experiments. The first thing I did was create an energy passport for my home. Second, I looked at how much electricity we use when we lead a normal life and do not specifically monitor energy conservation. Third, I set a condition at home for two weeks: to save money and not waste electricity. After analyzing all the information, I suggested that my father replace the lamps in some rooms of our house with energy-saving lamps.
Energy passport of my house
I analyzed the energy consumption in the house, then compiled a table of electrical household appliances with the indicated power and a table of lighting lamps for all rooms of the house.
The table of the most used electrical household appliances in our house:
Nope. |
Device name |
Energy consumption, W |
1 |
washing machine |
2300 |
2 |
Vacuum cleaner |
2100 |
3 |
Refrigerator |
400 |
4 |
Microwave |
1500 |
5 |
Food processor |
1200 |
6 |
Grill oven |
1300 |
7 |
Confusing |
750 |
8 |
TV 1 |
67 |
9 |
TV 2 |
80 |
10 |
TV 3 |
80 |
eleven |
Hair dryer |
2000 |
Table of lighting lamps for all rooms of our house:
Room type |
Lamp type |
Type of lamps |
Power, W |
1st floor |
|||
Sitting room |
Ceiling |
LED |
9 W x 2=18 W |
Kitchen |
Ceiling |
LED |
11 W x 12=132 W |
Bathroom |
Ceiling |
LED |
9 W x 5=45 W |
corridor |
Lamp |
Energy saving |
11 W x 1=11 W |
Pantry |
chandelier |
Energy saving |
11 W x 1=11 W |
2nd floor |
|||
Room 1 |
chandelier |
Energy saving |
11 W x 3=33 W |
Table lamp |
Energy saving |
11 W x 2=22 W |
|
Room 2 |
Ceiling |
LED |
11 W x 4=44 W 9W x 1=9W |
Room 3 |
chandelier |
Luminescent |
36 W x 1=36 W |
Room 4 |
chandelier |
Energy saving |
11 W x 3=33 W |
corridor |
Lamp |
Luminescent |
36 W x 1=36 W |
The table shows that among household appliances, the washing machine has the highest energy consumption, followed by the vacuum cleaner and hair dryer, although the latter is not used as often.
Measurement and analysis of energy consumption
The purpose of the experiment was to calculate the cost of consumed electricity. The first period is normal consumption, the second period is savings.
History |
Read the opposite at the beginning of the week |
Meter reading at the end of the week |
Electricity consumption kWh |
Price to rub |
08. 10-22. 10. Between the dates of 2017 |
5117 |
5324 |
207 |
730. 71 |
23. 10-06. 11. Between the dates of 2017 |
5340 |
5501 |
161 |
568. 33 |
Accepted tariff: 1 kWh - 3 rubles. 53 cents.
Thus, the table shows that our family received economic electricity consumption for two weeks162 rubles 38 kopecks.
In practice, I have seen that if household appliances are plugged in and not in use, or if household appliances are in standby mode, electricity is wasted.
At work, my hypothesis was confirmed. We found ways to save electricity, but it was difficult for family members to keep the lights on all the time, except for the older generation (grandparents). Therefore, at this stage, energy saving is not a habit for our family, but only a condition of experience for now.
I think that if you follow the energy saving rules developed for a certain period of time, then the invented ways of saving will become a habit for our family.
Saving the family budget
I decided to calculate how much energy the household appliances use when they are turned on but not in use. Knowing the power of the appliances, I was able to calculate how much electricity was used when the TVs were not running (and we have three! ). If TVs are turned on and not used for only 2 hours a day, then they use 13. 8 kWh of energy per month. During the year, it will be 165. 6 kWh, and in some cases, since this time interval is longer and averages 6 hours, they consume 41. 4 kWh, and during the year up to 496. 8 kWh. kWh. For the family budget, it varies from 49 rubles to 146 rubles per month. It will be from 585 rubles to 1754 rubles per year, respectively. We decided this was a significant savings for our large family!
And one more experience. Measurement of energy costs when the equipment is in standby mode.
I unplugged the refrigerator and turned off the light. Household appliances were left on standby: TVs, washing machine, microwave oven, charger. I observed the readings of the counter: in 4 minutes the counter disc made one revolution. I calculated: 4 minutes - 1 revolution, 1 hour - 15 cycles. If the standby mode is 20 hours per day, the energy consumption results can be up to 180 kWh per year.
The result: the energy audit showed that the total daily electricity consumption of the apartment was slightly more than 8 kWh, which corresponds to a monthly electricity consumption of about 240-250 kWh. All calculations were made in autumn, when maximum energy consumption occurs due to short daylight hours. In addition, I have found that electrical appliances that are turned on but not in use or in standby use a large amount of energy. This means that by turning them off, you can reduce energy costs and save on your family budget.
The result
In the process of developing the project, I not only studied and analyzed the data obtained as a result of measurements and experiments, but also took the initiative to replace outdated incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps, proving their advantages. Currently, my apartment is fully equipped with LED and energy-saving lamps.
This is the simplest thing that can be done to save energy in a single family, anyone can do it.
Now imagine that we were able to reduce the power consumption by 100 W. This means we save:
- coal - 48 kilograms
- oil - 33 liters
- gas - 35 cubic meters.
Research has shown that if you use household appliances correctly, use energy-saving lamps, do not leave household appliances in standby mode, then energy costs in the family can really be reduced and the family budget can be saved.
Thus, by learning how to save electricity and putting various methods of energy saving into practice, we also take care of the future generations that will live on our planet.